TL;DR Fertility charting helps you understand your body’s natural signals so you can time intercourse for the best chance of pregnancy. It’s not just about tracking ovulation—you’ll also learn about your cycle length, cervical mucus changes, and temperature shifts. Since every cycle is unique, charting helps you stop guessing and start planning with confidence. You can use an app, a basal body thermometer, or even wearable tech to make it easier. Whether you're trying to conceive or just want to understand your cycle better, fertility charting gives you valuable insights into your reproductive health.
Trying to conceive, or TTC as it’s often abbreviated, isn’t just for those undergoing IVF. For many, the journey to pregnancy starts with fertility charting, a process of tracking specific details of a woman’s menstrual cycle to know when ovulation is happening. It’s important for targeting intercourse at or around the time of ovulation. It can also be helpful to know when a pregnancy test might be positive if you did conceive.
We wrote this blog to help you understand why and how to start tracking your ovulation and charting for fertility.
Why Chart For Fertility?
Fertility charting might seem like a foreign concept, especially if you aren’t used to tracking your menstrual cycle. The good news is that fertility charting can now be done on smartphone apps, unless you want to do it by hand. You can put as much time as you wish into charting, but it does not have to be a complicated task.
The most meaningful part of charting is understanding why you’re doing it in the first place. You have to know what you’re looking for. Information gathering without strategy won’t help you get pregnant any faster, so you need to be intentional and informed.
Does Fertility Charting Track More Than Ovulation?
When you’re charting fertility, it’s about more than just testing for ovulation. You’re also looking for other signals into overall reproductive health. Fertility charting looks at several factors, including:
- Your basal body temperature (BBT)
- Your ovulation and the fertile days leading up to it
- Your fertility signs, like cervical mucus and cervical position
- Your luteal phase, especially the length
- Your menstrual cycle’s regularity
- The details of your period
- The days of intercourse
You can also track any number of other health-related aspects, like what medications you are taking, symptoms and how you are feeling, and any other data that might be relevant.
What Can You Learn From Ovulation Tracking?
If you are charting for fertility signs, you can learn a lot. For example, conventional wisdom says that a woman's regular cycle is 28 days and that they ovulate on day 14. But this is only an average, and women’s cycles can vary—even on the normal side—by up to 7 to 10 days. (1) Since you only ovulate once, and your mature egg is only viable for about 12 to 24 hours after ovulation, missing this window by a day or two can result in a failure to conceive.
If you ovulate early, for example, on cycle day 11, but you think you’re not fertile until cycle day 14, you might think that having intercourse on cycle day 13 would guarantee a good chance at getting pregnant. But, by that point, your egg is probably not viable anymore. The same is true for having intercourse up until cycle day 14 and thinking you’ve done what you need to do—but you don’t actually ovulate until cycle day 18. Sperm can live for up to five days, but it may only be viable for two or three days. (2)
Getting pregnant is not about having unprotected sex around cycle day 14. It’s about knowing when your body ovulates and ensuring that there is sperm ready and waiting for an egg to be released from your ovary.
What Else Can You Learn From Fertility Charting?
Fertility awareness can make the process of conceiving a lot easier since you don’t have to blindly guess when you’re fertile, and you don’t have to make assumptions. When done correctly, it can also serve as a natural form of birth control and facilitate family planning. Fertility charting can also offer insights into why you’re not getting pregnant even if you’re timing intercourse correctly. For example, an ultra-low basal body temperature might indicate an underlying thyroid or metabolic problem. A short luteal phase, less than ten days, might indicate insufficient progesterone levels following ovulation that can make it hard to sustain a pregnancy even if you do conceive.
The length and heaviness of your period, as well as the overall length and regularity of your cycle, can help pinpoint underlying fertility problems, like endometriosis, PCOS, or fibroids. Once you have this data on your cycle, you can more easily communicate with your gynecologist or fertility specialist about what’s going on in your body and target treatment from there. Even though there are hormone tests and other ways to assess your fertility, getting a real-time snapshot of what your body is doing helps provide a more complete picture.
How to Keep a Fertility Chart
There are entire books devoted to the subject of fertility charting. Instead of giving you all the details here, which we’d never have space for, we’ll cover the basics and then point you to expert resources to help you succeed.
Fertility charting has one major essential: temperature tracking. It is also helpful if you note cervical mucus, which can be a big indicator of your time of ovulation, but some women also don’t have noticeable amounts. Cervical position charting is entirely optional.
How to Measure Your Basal Body Temperature (BBT)
To track your temperature for fertility, you need a special thermometer known as a basal body thermometer. It measures your body temperature in a more fine-tuned way, more specifically than a fever thermometer, down to 1/10th or even 1/100th of a degree. This specificity makes your temperature changes more noticeable on your fertility chart.
To track your temperature accurately, you’ll want to take it every morning as close to the same time as possible, then record it on your chart. For example, if you generally wake up at 6 AM, try to take your temperature at 6 AM every day. Record your result immediately so you don’t forget. Be sure to take your temperature before you get out of bed, or even get up to go to the bathroom. You want your basal body temperature (BBT) reading to be a baseline temperature upon first waking, before any movement.
Basal body charting is helpful because, for most women, you have an obvious temperature shift after ovulation.
For example, the first half of your cycle may have an average temperature of 98.1 while the second half may average around 98.8. Even though these seem like very minor differences, when using a basal body thermometer on a fertility tracking chart, they are enough to identify a thermal shift. This is one of the ways to help confirm and track ovulation.
Sometimes there is no distinct thermal shift. Or your temperatures may be all over the map throughout your cycle. This information can offer insights into identifying possible anovulatory patterns or other hormone issues, which can help fertility specialists better understand why you’re not conceiving.
How to Chart Cervical Mucus and Position
Your cervical mucus functions to help create an environment that can facilitate the sperm’s journey up the vaginal canal into the uterus. The vagina is typically acidic, but that would destroy sperm since it needs a more base pH. Cervical fluid is watery and mutes the acidic nature of the vagina during the fertile period. While some women have an abundance of it, others don’t necessarily have noticeable amounts. This does not automatically mean that it is an infertility problem.
You can chart your cervical mucus (vaginal discharge) by noting the four categories on your chart. They are:
- Dry. Days where you don’t notice any fluid or mucus. This will occur for most days of the cycle.
- Creamy. This typically happens first, sometimes shortly after, or right at the end of the menstrual period. Creamy cervical mucus is most noticeable when wiping after urination.
- Watery. This is considered to be fertile cervical mucus and starts to appear in the days before ovulation. You may not see this as much on toilet paper after wiping, but it will often leave circular water stains on your underwear. It’s not urine leaking, it’s a sign that your mucus is thin and watery, which is a good sign of fertility.
- Egg white. The ultimate and most fertile mucus, this probably is noticeable when you wipe and might even feel like it takes a few extra swipes to get it wiped off. It is named egg white because it resembles egg whites—a little stringy, sticky, or stretchy. This is the optimal cervical mucus for helping the sperm get up to the cervix and helping it stick around while it waits for the egg.
You may have several days of cervical mucus, or you may only notice it for a few hours. If your cervical mucus is not easy to chart, you can also check fertility signs by noting the position of your cervix. Not everyone is comfortable doing this, and if your cervical mucus is easy to track, you may not need to.
Tracking cervical position is relevant because when you’re ovulating, your cervix is higher and more open, facilitating the entrance of sperm into the uterus. When you’re not ovulating, your cervix is lower, tighter, and closed. You will only be able to tell the difference by monitoring your cervical position for a cycle or two and making observations based on your own body’s response. But most fertility charts have places to note whether your cervix is high or low, whether it is hard or soft, and open or closed.
There are several resources you can review for more information about charting your fertility signs
The Best Resources for Keeping a Fertility Chart
If you want to become a pro at charting for fertility, here are some excellent resources to help you.
- Taking Charge of Your Fertility by Toni Weschler, MPH is the gold standard for understanding how to chart for fertility. It even includes ways to understand fertility signals for pregnancy avoidance. It provides example charts and every single tip you would need to become confident at it yourself.
- Fertility Friend is likewise the gold standard for fertility apps. It follows the principles outlined in the book above, but you can track your fertility on your smartphone instead of writing out paper charts.
Many other fertility apps and even wearable fertility monitors will track your basal body temperature for you. Some love these devices and apps, but others consider them less reliable. As with everything, it’s about finding the system or tools that work for you, so explore and find out what you like!
Other fertility tracking options include:
- The Ava bracelet
- Daysy fertility tracker
- OvuSense
- Tempdrop
Each of these comes with its own app for tracking. They can range in price from about $200 to over $300. If budget is a factor, you can easily track for little to no cost using Fertility Friend or the principles gained in Taking Charge of Your Fertility (TCOYF, as it is often abbreviated in the TTC world).
How to Optimize Hitting Your Fertile Window
Many women believe that they have to have intercourse every day during their fertile window to maximize chances at conception. However, when you consider that sperm lives for at least a few days, this isn’t actually true. If you’ve been trying to get pregnant for months, the thought of daily intercourse isn’t as fun as it sounds either—just ask many in the infertility community.
You can relieve some pressure from the situation by understanding your fertility cues. Once you start having fertile cervical mucus, opting for intercourse every other day (or even every two days, if you have a longer fertile window) can be perfectly acceptable. The exceptions would be if you never have fertile mucus and are not quite sure when your fertile window is, or if you know that your partner’s sperm has low motility or he has low sperm count. If he has a low sperm count, you may require fertility treatment, or it might be best just to have intercourse twice, timed as close as possible for one to two days before ovulation.
If you have ovulation pain, don’t assume that that means you have officially ovulated.
You should wait until you see the thermal shift on your chart to assume that you have ovulated.
Until your chart confirms it, assume that you could still be fertile. Sometimes women have ovulation pain a few days before ovulation, or they may have it a few different times in a cycle. Or the abdominal pain might be due to something else entirely.
Should You Use Ovulation Tests?
There are many options for ovulation tests, also known as Ovulation Predictor Kits (OPKs). Some of them are simple dipstick tests that measure the LH surge (luteinizing hormone surge) that happens at ovulation. Others are more complex systems that give you fertility signals, such as using a blinking smiley face to indicate that you’re in your fertile zone and a solid smiley face when the test thinks that your hormone levels indicate ovulation within 12-48 hours.
You can use ovulation tests, but you don’t have to do so if you’re fertility charting. Some women use them to confirm what their chart is telling them. Others use them instead of charting. It’s important to know that ovulation tests can sometimes show a few surges in a cycle, so getting a positive ovulation test does not mean that you have ovulated, only that your hormones surged. In women who are over 35, there may easily be multiple surges before ovulation happens. You can also have a positive ovulation test and not actually ovulate in a cycle.
Fertility charting can alleviate this confusion and give you more definitive proof that you have ovulated when your temp has done the thermal shift and stayed high for three days.
When Is the Right Time to Take a Pregnancy Test?
Once you have charted and figured out the ovulation thing, and you’ve timed your intercourse appropriately, the next big question is: did you get pregnant? Most women want to know how early they can test and get an accurate answer.
Depending on the type of pregnancy test you buy, you can test nearly a week before a missed period and get an answer. But whether or not this works for you depends on a few factors.
First, the basics of pregnancy tests are that they check your urine for the hCG hormone. You need to have enough hCG in your urine to be detected by the test. Most tests will tell you the lowest amount they can detect. The average pregnancy test checks for levels of 20 or 25 mIU/mL or higher. This is because anything less than 24 mIU/mL is considered a gray area and is not considered to be clinically pregnant. However, most women won’t get a positive result at this level until maybe a day or so before their period is due, and some won’t until their period is late.
If you want to test early, you need to get an early result test that can detect hCG levels at 6 mIU/mL or higher.
The advantage of using an early result pregnancy test is the ability to test early—up to six days before your period is due. The disadvantage is that you may get a positive test result and a negative one later. This is sometimes referred to as a biochemical pregnancy. Sometimes an embryo can fertilize but has trouble implanting. You may still get a surge of hCG big enough to produce a faintly positive test, but it does not mean that you had a viable pregnancy.
Most healthcare providers recommend the standard medical advice of waiting until close to when your period is due to test to avoid confusion and stress. Others will even suggest skipping urine tests altogether and going straight to blood tests.
If you do want to take a pregnancy test at home, make sure that you use your first-morning urine, ideally after holding it for at least eight hours so that it’s concentrated.
If you are very hydrated or drink lots of fluids before bed, your first-morning urine might still be weak, and you may have trouble getting an early positive test.
The Bottom Line
Trying to get pregnant can feel confusing and complicated. It can be made far easier when you understand what your body is telling you about your fertility. While that doesn’t mean it is always faster to conceive, it can certainly shed light on the process and empower you with information about your body and health. There are many ways to chart, and finding a method that works for you is the best way to stick with it.
References
- https://www.womenshealth.gov/menstrual-cycle/your-menstrual-cycle
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/expert-answers/pregnancy/faq-20058504
‡ This information is for educational purposes only. No product results are implied.