Gallbladder Guide

Many people, including healthcare professionals, often underestimate the gallbladder's significance. In the U.S., nearly 800,000 gallbladder removal surgeries occur annually due to gallstones, making it the most prevalent gastrointestinal issue leading to hospitalization.

This contributes to $6 billion spent yearly on gallstone-related treatments! If any of these sound familiar, your gallbladder may be trying to tell you it needs a little help! Gallbladder surgery, while necessary in emergency situations, does not address the underlying reasons why the gallbladder failed to perform. Gallbladder dysfunction isn't just limited to the gallbladder itself. Various conditions, linked to metabolic syndrome and digestive issues, affect gallbladder function.

Do I Have Gallbladder Dysfunction?

Gallbladder symptoms start in the digestive system. It may not be dominant enough for you to notice at first. After some time, symptoms extend to other areas of the body. You may experience fatigue or get sick more often. Your appetite may be less, and your shoulders get tight. This may all be related to poor gallbladder function, but it’s hard to make the connection at first.

Common symptoms that point to gallbladder issues:

Intolerance to fatty foods
Constipation
SIBO (small intestinal bacterial overgrowth)
Weight gain, metabolic syndrome
Pain in the upper right quadrant of your abdomen
Intolerance to high oxalate foods
Unexplained anemia
Bloating after meals
Full body itching
Right shoulder tightness

Nausea when eating fatty foods
Hormonal imbalances
Getting sick easily
Pain between the shoulder blades
Histamine intolerance
Mineral deficiencies
Deficiencies in vitamins A, D, E, and K
Grey to white colored stools
Bile reflux (acts like acid reflux)9
Yellowish skin and eyes

If any of these sound familiar, your gallbladder may be trying to tell you it needs a little help!

What Does Your Gallbladder Do?

The gallbladder is a small storage pouch located below the liver. Its main job is to hold bile, a greenish digestive liquid produced by the liver. Your gallbladder springs into action when you enjoy foods loaded with fats like butter, nuts, eggs, and oils. When fats pass into the first part of the small intestine, the gallbladder releases bile into your small intestine. Bile breaks down these fats into smaller pieces so your body can absorb them. This process ensures you can get the nutrients you need from your diet! Fats are important for keeping your body in top shape—they help repair cells, give you lasting energy, and make hormones. Plus, fats are needed to absorb key vitamins like A, D, E, and K.

What is the Composition of Healthy Bile?

Water 
Makes up about 97-98% of bile and acts as the liquid base that dissolves the other ingredients. Being hydrated is essential.

Bile Salts 
Produced from cholesterol in the liver, combined with amino acids, primarily glycine and taurine. Bile salts are the primary driver of bile flowing from the liver into the gallbladder and out into the small intestine.15

Phospholipids (phosphatidylcholine) 
Fats that are essential in transporting fat out of the liver. Additionally, they aid in bile being slippery and moving out of the gallbladder when needed.

Bilirubin
A product of the breakdown of red blood cells.

Electrolytes
Sodium and potassium keep bile slightly alkaline with a pH between 7 and 8. This alkalinity is crucial because bile neutralizes stomach acid as it moves into the small intestine. Electrolytes also support sufficient water moving into the bile, allowing bile to flow out of the gallbladder.

What Causes Gallstones to Form?

For bile to stay fluid and prevent gallstone formation, there must be a proper balance between cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine, ideally at a 1:10 ratio. 

Typical bile solids consist of around 80% bile salt.16 Cholesterol is converted into bile salts in the liver. When the proportion of bile salts and/or phospholipids decreases and cholesterol levels remain too high, the bile thickens, making it sluggish. This happens because excess cholesterol solidifies, leading to gallstones.4 These gallstones block the bile ducts, stopping bile from reaching the small intestine.  Over 70-85% of gallstones are predominantly cholesterol.11 Gallstones are significantly more common in women than in men. This is because estrogen increases cholesterol production while reducing bile acid synthesis.11

The PEMT enzyme is responsible for synthesizing phosphatidylcholine necessary to transport cholesterol out of the liver. Once removed from the liver, cholesterol is packaged into bile, thereby maintaining healthy cholesterol levels. When PEMT slows down or is impaired, cholesterol accumulates in the liver, leading to various health issues, including an increased risk of gallstone formation.11

Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to gallstone formation due to several physiological changes.12 One major factor is choline deficiency. Over 90% of pregnant women are deficient in choline, a nutrient crucial for maintaining PEMT enzyme function and phosphatidylcholine production.13 A dirty PEMT, and low choline, contribute to higher cholesterol in the liver, and more sluggish bile, thus, the increased risk for gallstones.

Common reasons for an imbalanced ratio between phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol include:

Fasting
Overeating
High-fat diet
Ketogenic diet
Vegan diets
Protein deficiency
Low dietary choline intake
Low dietary glycine intake
Methylation disregulation

Dirty MTHFR
Dirty PEMT
Dehydration
Low stomach acid
Ongoing intake of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)
Bacterial overgrowth of specific bacteria such as certain Clostridia species

You need optimal methylation, a clean MTHFR gene, a clean PEMT gene, and plenty of choline to make phosphatidylcholine. You also need amino acids (protein), especially glycine and taurine, for bile salt formation.

What Happens When You Don’t Have Healthy Bile Composition or Bile Flow?

Bile salts act like a ‘detergent’ to emulsify dietary fats and absorb fat-soluble nutrients. If you don’t have healthy bile composition or bile flow, you may end up with:

Vitamin D and K deficiencies which may affect bone health
Vitamin D and A deficiencies which may affect immune health
Vitamin E deficiency and lower antioxidants
Increased dietary oxalate absorption, which may cause mineral deficiencies such as zinc, magnesium, and iron14

Deficiencies in these minerals have their own set of consequences
Constipation
Fatty liver
High cholesterol
Sleep issues
Poor detoxification

Symptoms of excess estrogen such as PMS, PCOS, or endometriosis
SIBO3,6
Acid reflux that doesn’t improve with antacids is typically bile reflux
Increased risk of gallstones

Bile salts help draw in water, making bile more fluid. When there aren’t enough bile salts, the body uses other substances like glutathione and bicarbonate to keep things moving smoothly independent of bile salts.¹⁵ This means your body might need more of these nutrients to help with digestion.

Gallbladder Dysfunction Increases SIBO Risk

The small intestine is typically not home to many microbes.⁶ Most of your gut bacteria reside in the large intestine, where they help break down food through fermentation. Stomach acid, along with bile, plays a protective role in this process. Stomach acid and bile eliminate microbes that are either sensitive to acid or high alkalinity, ensuring that unwanted bacteria do not thrive in the small intestine.

Bile affects small intestinal bacterial population in a few ways:

Bile delivers IgA antibodies (part of your immune system) to the small intestine when it is released from the gallbladder.^3,4 This keeps bacterial numbers under control.
Conjugated bile acids (bound to glycine or taurine) reduce bacteria's ability to move and spread to other tissues, such as lymph nodes.
Bile acids can ‘digest’ phospholipids and proteins that form part of bacterial cell walls. This creates holes in the walls of bacterial membranes, which causes them to ‘bleed out,’ shrink, and die.⁴
Bile acids trigger the release of antimicrobial substances to help fight off harmful bacteria.^1,3 This action occurs right at the junction of your small and large intestines, behind a gate known as the ileocecal valve. This gate prevents bacteria from moving back into the small intestine, maintaining a balanced gut environment and promoting digestive health.⁶

Bile is key to keeping your gut healthy by helping to prevent SIBO. While antibiotics or natural antimicrobials can knock it out, it's also essential to tackle any gallbladder issues. If your gallbladder isn't working properly, SIBO will make an unwelcome comeback.^†

But here is the kicker!

Bile-sensitive bacteria in the small intestine need a certain amount of bile to kill, similar to antibiotics. However, if you only take half your antibiotic course or consume meat that contains traces of antibiotics, you can make bacteria more antibiotic-resistant.

The same happens with bile. If you only have small amounts of healthy bile released from the gallbladder, bile-sensitive bacteria may become more resistant and harder to kill. This is often the case when the gallbladder has been removed since no sac is left to store bile. Instead, bile gets produced by the liver and drip-feeds into the small intestine in small amounts.

If you don’t produce enough bile to help digest fats from meals, you may struggle with loose stools. Additionally, if there is not enough to kill bile-sensitive bacteria in the small intestine, you may struggle with SIBO.^3,4

Poor Gallbladder Function Affects Hormone Detoxification

If you experience PMS or other symptoms of estrogen dominance, your gallbladder may need some attention for two key reasons: 

Excess estrogen increases cholesterol synthesis and reduces bile acid production. This affects bile composition negatively and interferes with healthy gallbladder function.11
The gallbladder itself plays an important role in estrogen detoxification in several ways.

One key function is binding excess estrogen to bile acids for excretion.  

However, this estrogen detoxification is often badly disrupted by dysbiotic intestinal bacteria. Certain intestinal bacteria produce an enzyme called beta-glucuronidase. Beta-glucuronidase unbinds estrogen that is ready for excretion from bile acids. This allows estrogen to be reabsorbed back into the blood from the intestines. When beta-glucuronidase producing bacteria are allowed to overgrow it leads to elevated estrogen levels, contributing to estrogen dominance in both men and women.

Additionally, bile acids released by the gallbladder activate receptors in the gut called ‘bile acid-activated nuclear receptors.1 When these receptors are activated by bile acids, they turn on metabolic pathways involved in reducing inflammation, metabolism, and detoxification, including the detoxification of estrogen5 to keep estrogen balanced. These bile acid sensitive receptors also suppress the overgrowth of the gut bacteria that produce the beta-glucuronidase enzyme. By doing this, estrogen doesn’t get reabsorbed and, thus, lowers estrogen.6

Supporting gallbladder function promotes better estrogen clearance, which helps alleviate symptoms of estrogen dominance. Healthy estrogen levels, on the other hand, support better bile composition and, thus, gallbladder function. They both need each other to maintain balance.

Poor Gallbladder Function Increases Oxalate Absorption

Humans cannot metabolize oxalates as we don’t have the enzymes oxalate oxidase or oxalate decarboxylase needed to break down oxalates. Many microorganisms, including certain gut bacteria, have these enzymes and can break down oxalates.

If gut bacteria do not break down oxalates, they are typically excreted in the stool out of the gut. This requires healthy gallbladder function.

Foods and drinks are considered high in oxalates if they contain more than 100 mg per serving. Very high is 300 mg or more. High amounts of oxalates are found in:

Food and Drink:

Raw spinach: 543 mg per cup
Cooked spinach: 755 mg per ½ cup
Beets: 152 mg per cup
Navy beans: 76 mg per cup
Firm tofu: 235 mg in 3 oz
Soy milk or soy yogurt: 336 mg per cup

Textured soy protein: 638 mg per 85 grams serving
Raspberries: 48 mg per cup
Dates: 24 mg each
Almond milk: 27 mg per cup
Black tea

When oxalates are absorbed from the gut into the bloodstream, they can cause problems such as kidney stones, joint pain, and bladder pain.

Dirty Genes and Gallbladder Function

Dirty Genes are genes that may cause slower enzyme function than typical, potentially causing health issues. This leads to health issues. You can inherit dirty genes at birth, or enzymes can become dirty due to factors like lifestyle choices, nutrient deficiencies, and environmental influences. The chart on the following page depicts which enzymes, when dirty, contribute to gallbladder symptoms:

GENE	ROLE	CONNECTION TO GALLBLADDER FUNCTION
MTHFR	Converts dietary folate into active folates such as: Folinic acid L-methylfolate	Active folates participate in your methylation cycle. Your methylation cycle produces an end-product called SAM (S-adenosylmethionine). SAM is needed to make other enzymes such as PEMT and COMT work. If you don’t have enough active folate production, less SAM may be produced, which would affect PEMT and COMT enzyme function. Slower PEMT and COMT enzyme functions impact gallbladder function in different ways.
PEMT	Uses SAM and choline to make phosphatidylcholine (PC).	Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major component of bile. It contributes to the fluidity of bile. If you don’t have enough PC, bile becomes less fluid and more sludgy. Sludgy bile is more prone to gallstone formation and contributes to poor bile flow. Poor bile flow affects fat digestion and nutrient absorption. • Poor bile flow increases the risk of SIBO. This, in turn, may affect estrogen metabolism negatively.
COMT	Uses SAM to break down stress compounds such as dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. It also uses SAM to detoxify estrogen metabolites.	An excess of stress neurotransmitters such as dopamine, norepi, and epi can affect thyroid function. Thyroid hormones, especially T4 hormone, are needed for healthy bile release. Excess DA, NE, and Epi may reduce T4 and slow down bile release, which would affect intestinal health. Excess estrogen increases cholesterol synthesis and reduces bile acid production. This affects bile composition negatively and interferes with healthy gallbladder function.11
GST	Transfers glutathione to harmful compounds (pesticides, herbicides, heavy metals, xenobiotics) for detoxification	Environmental chemicals and heavy metals make hard work for the liver and can even destroy liver cells. Liver cells and a healthy liver are needed to make bile acids for bile. The liver is also the primary organ responsible for methylation processes 42 needed to make SAM for PEMT and COMT to do their jobs.
GPX	Attaches glutathione to hydrogen peroxide (toxic) and converts it to water (neutral).	Hydrogen peroxide is produced when you break down stress compounds and histamine. If you have SIBO, gut dysbiosis, and ongoing stress, it’s likely that you may be producing more hydrogen peroxide and making more work for your GPX enzyme. Hydrogen peroxide disrupts your methylation cycle which impacts SAM production needed for PEMT and COMT to do work.
ALDH2	Breaks down acetaldehyde into acetate in the liver. Acetate is excreted in the urine.	Acetaldehyde is a toxic byproduct of alcohol metabolism that damages liver cells if allowed to accumulate.25 Damaged liver cells impact your liver’s ability to make bile acids for healthy bile.
VDR	The vitamin D receptor that vitamin D binds to. This allows the body to respond to vitamin D.	Vitamin D is needed for healthy immune and thyroid function. The gut immune system helps protect against gut dysbiosis and SIBO. Thyroid hormones such as T4 thyroxine allow bile to flow from the gallbladder into the small intestine for digestion. Poor gallbladder function and bile flow may impact vitamin D absorption and optimal levels of this fat-soluble vitamin.   It becomes a vicious circle where poor gallbladder function affects vitamin D absorption, thyroid, and immune function, which affects gallbladder function.

Stop Doing List

Don't eat too many fatty foods

such as butter, oils, animal fats, mayonnaise, canned fish in oil, and salad dressings if your gallbladder is struggling, at least temporarily. Eating high-fat foods makes more work for your gallbladder. If not enough bile is released fats will remain undigested which can cause digestive symptoms such as nausea, and at worst gallbladder attacks. It may also result in more oxalate absorption.²²

Avoiding fats is not a long-term option. You need all types of fats, apart from transfats, to be healthy. The long-term option is to make sure your gallbladder functions as it should.
Avoid deep-fried fast foods

such as fries, fried chicken, or crumbed fish and seafood. This is always a good idea, but especially so if your gallbladder needs a break.
Certain medications, such as PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)

or antacids used for reflux reduce stomach acid production. This leads to less bile release when food enters the small intestine. Long-term use affects digestion and has flow-on effects further down the digestive tract such as increased risk of SIBO.²³
Cholestyramine

is a medication commonly used to lower cholesterol levels in the blood or to treat mold biotoxin illness. It grabs onto bile acids and stops them from being reabsorbed in the small intestine. Instead, you poop them out. Long-term use shrinks the bile acid pool and you have to make more from cholesterol.²⁸ This requires more resources such as taurine and glycine.

Do not stop any medications without consulting your prescribing healthcare practitioner.

Start Doing List

Eat more choline-rich foods

as you need choline to make phosphatidylcholine for optimal bile production. These include egg yolks, liver, beef, chicken, and fish. Plant-based foods high in choline include soy, shiitake mushrooms, and broccoli.
Eat more taurine-rich foods

as you need taurine to make bile acids. This is typically not an issue as animal protein is high in taurine and our body can make some. However the majority of taurine our body needs is from dietary sources.
Vegans may need to supplement with taurine

as plant foods do not contain taurine. Seaweed contains some taurine but not a lot.²⁵
Eat more folate-rich foods

to help your MTHFR enzyme support your PEMT enzyme function and healthy bile production. These include eggs, green leafy vegetables (kale, broccoli, bok choy, dark-colored lettuce), Brussels sprouts, asparagus, legumes (beans, peas, chickpeas, lentils), tofu, and liver.

Spinach is high in folate, but also high in oxalates, which is why we don’t recommend it as a good source of folate²⁹
Choose lean meats

whilst you work on improving your gallbladder function. Cut off fat that you can see. Eat chicken or other poultry without the skin.
Bake, broil, or grill meat

instead of frying them in oil if your gallbladder needs a break. Eat grilled or baked fish instead of crumbed and deep-fried.
Address SIBO if relevant.

Work with a healthcare practitioner that can help you with treatment options. Bacteria overgrowing in the small intestine can migrate to the bile duct, causing inflammation and gallbladder and liver dysfunction.²⁶ They can also change bile acids and convert them into more toxic bile acids that disrupt healthy digestive function.²⁷

FAQs

Can I take Bile Nutrients even if I don’t have a gallbladder?

Yes! Your gallbladder was removed because you were likely not producing sufficient healthy bile in the first
place. This led to your bile flow being too sluggish, which then led to cholesterol-based gallstones. Ultimately,
this caused pain, and eventually, you had to get your gallbladder removed.

While the removal of your gallbladder alleviated your pain and discomfort, it did absolutely nothing to
improve the production of bile and the flow of your bile. The underlying issues of insufficient bile production
and thick or insufficient bile flow are likely still present.

Bile Nutrients supports healthy bile production and flow, which undoubtedly was an issue before the
gallbladder was removed.†

I still have my gallbladder but have a history of gallstones. What should I take?

Optimal PC, Bile Nutrients, Optimal Electrolyte, and Liver Nutrients may be good options for you. They will
support healthy bile formation and release.†

I still have my gallbladder and have gallstones. What can I take?

Optimal PC, Optimal Electrolyte, Liver Nutrients, and Ox Bile may be good options for you. Do not take Bile
Nutrients without checking with your healthcare practitioner first.†

I still have my gallbladder and have gallstones. I’m in pain. What can I take?

If you are too uncomfortable, go see your healthcare practitioner.

Some suggestions in the meantime include:

Warm soups that are not fatty, like a vegetable soup.
100% organic beet juice from the grocery store.
Taking a TUDCA supplement with each meal. TUDCA is a secondary bile acid that helps to support
healthy bile flow, which can be beneficial for those concerned about gallstones. 17
Eating smaller meals.
Not overeating.
Avoiding fats, oils, nuts, and seeds.
Taking Digestive Enzymes (1 - 2 capsules) with each meal to support healthy digestion.†
Applying a castor oil pack over your entire abdomen, being sure to cover your gallbladder area.

Do I have to take Bile Nutrients or Ox Bile with every meal?

Not necessarily. If you’re simply having fruit for breakfast, you don’t need to take supplements that stimulate
bile production because you’re not eating fat. Use these supplements when you consume meals that contain
fat, even if it’s healthy fat.†

I’m pregnant. Can I use Bile Nutrients?

If you are pregnant, you cannot use Bile Nutrients because they contain herbs. We generally don't suggest
herbal products during pregnancy unless specified by your primary health practitioner.

Consider using Optimal PC instead. Take 1 capsule of Optimal PC with dinner each evening to support a
healthy gallbladder, bile production, and flow.† The demand for phosphatidylcholine increases during
pregnancy, which is a key reason why many women end up with gallbladder-related symptoms post-pregnancy

I’m taking Bile Nutrients and feeling more constipated. Is this normal?

Some people notice a worsening of constipation at first when taking Bile Nutrients. If this happens, simply drink
a glass of Optimal Electrolyte, and increase the amount of Bile Nutrients you take. If you are just taking 2
capsules before dinner, take 2 before lunch. If you already are taking 2 and 2, consider switching to 4 capsules
all at once before dinner.

I’m following a carnivore diet. Should I take Ox Bile?

You can use Ox Bile or Bile Nutrients when consuming fatty meats. You may want to consider taking Digestive
Enzymes as it’s more comprehensive and supports the healthy digestion of protein and fats.†

I’m using Ox Bile to support my SIBO treatment plan and taking it with my probiotics at bedtime. Can I take these together?†

Ideally not. There may be some species in your probiotics that are bile acid-sensitive. Take Ox Bile before bed
on an empty stomach and take your probiotics in the morning with breakfast.

I’m taking Ox Bile, Bile Nutrients, and Optimal PC and getting diarrhea. Is this normal?

You are most likely taking too many gallbladder supplements. Remember that bile is your body’s natural
laxative. Cut out the Ox Bile and see how you go with just Bile Nutrients and Optimal PC. If you’re still
experiencing diarrhea, cut out Bile Nutrients.

If still experiencing loose stools, consider 1 capsule of ProBiota HistaminX and 1 capsule of Saccharomyces
Boulardii after dinner. Adding bulk to your stool may be helpful. Consider taking 3 to 5 capsules of Gut Nutrients
before bed on an empty stomach—or any time of day as long as it’s away from food by about 1 hour. If diarrhea
persists, check in with your healthcare provider

I have hypothyroidism. Could this be contributing to my constipation and gallbladder function?

Yes. Thyroxine (T4 thyroid hormone) is necessary to help the Sphincter of Oddi to relax and support the
MTHFR enzyme. The Sphincter of Oddi regulates bile release from the gallbladder into the small intestine.18 If
thyroxine is deficient, less bile may be released into the small intestine, contributing to SIBO and/or
constipation. If you have low or low-normal thyroxine levels, consider supplementing with iodine.†

I have an overgrowth of gut bacteria (such as Bilophila) that consume bile acids. Can I take gallbladder supplements?

This is an interesting question, and you will likely get different answers from experts. Many believe they
should avoid taurine, TUDCA, gallbladder supplements, and ox bile. Certain gut organisms consume bile
acids. At the same time, this may result in an imbalance of bile acids in the gut and liver and/or gallbladder
dysfunction (since bile acids must be recycled).

It is also common to see higher levels of taurine excretion during gut infections, which may cause taurine
deficiencies. Taurine is important for magnesium absorption.†

We recommend that Liver Nutrients, Bile Nutrients, and Optimal PC are OK and possibly needed to support
gallbladder health.† Always check in with your healthcare provider when considering adding new
supplements to your routine.

The key here may be to look at your microbial diversity in the gut. If you have undergrowth of healthy species
such as Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Akkermansia, Roseburia, Coprococcus, Bifido- and Lactobacilli
species, then focus on growing these instead as opposed to avoiding gallbladder support. Saccharomyces
Boulardii supports a healthy level of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, while ProBiota HistaminX supports a
healthy level of both Bifido and Lacto species.†

I’m quite sensitive to supplements. Can I open Ox Bile capsules and use a lower dose?

Yes, you may. It will not taste very good because it is bitter. You may want to mix it with some food, such as
gluten-free bread, and roll it up in a ball before swallowing it with some filtered water.

Where is Ox Bile sourced from?

Seeking Health Ox Bile is from a bovine source, free-range oxen, with no usage of synthetic hormones or
antibiotics.

Is Ox Bile vegetarian- or vegan-friendly?

No. It is an animal-based product and is not considered vegetarian- or vegan-friendly. Use Bile Nutrients
instead.

Is Ox Bile acid-resistant?

Ox Bile does not need to be in acid-resistant capsules as it survives the stomach acid.†

Lab Testing

Lab testing is often used to see if your gallbladder needs some support.

Common lab tests and markers include:

GGT (serum) - high
Bilirubin (serum) - high
Microbiome (stool) - positive for gut dysbiosis
ALP (serum) - high
SIBO (breath) - positive

LAB MARKER	WHAT IT MEANS
GT Blood (serum)	GGT is needed to recycle glutathione. A high level may indicate a higher need for glutathione.   If GGT is elevated in combination with ALP, it typically indicates gallbladder bile duct obstruction. This is commonly seen in gallstones.
ALP Blood (serum)	If ALP is elevated in combination with GGT, it typically indicates gallbladder bile duct obstruction. This is commonly seen in gallstones
Total bilirubin Direct bilirubin Blood (serum)	Bilirubin is normally conjugated with a molecule of glucuronic acid. This makes it water-soluble and also unable to be reabsorbed back into the liver to be recycled. Instead, it passes into the colon. Here, it is further metabolized by colonic bacteria.  Total bilirubin measures both conjugated and unconjugated bilirubin.   Direct bilirubin is any form of bilirubin which is water-soluble. It is mostly made up of conjugated bilirubin and maybe 25% unconjugated bilirubin. When you subtract the two markers, you get the indirect bilirubin number. Indirect bilirubin is the fat-soluble fraction. Direct bilirubin is needed to convert T4 thyroid hormone to T3 thyroid hormone. However, bilirubin can form stones that block the bile duct which causes direct bilirubin to rise, resulting in high levels on a blood test.
SIBO Breath test	Measures the gasses methane and hydrogen formed by organisms in the small intestine. High levels of either gas is a positive test for SIBO.
Microbiome testing Stool (feces)	Imbalances in gut bacteria (gut dysbiosis) are almost always associated with gallbladder dysfunction. Some organisms consume bile acids for growth. An overgrowth of these organisms may result in lower bile acids and impact gut health negatively.

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[17] Lu Q, Jiang Z, Wang Q, Hu H, Zhao G. The effect of Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and gut microbiota on murine gallbladder stone formation. Ann Hepatol [Internet]. 2021 Jul;23(100289):100289. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aohep.2020.100289

[18] Laukkarinen J, Sand J, Aittomäki S, Pörsti I, Kööbi P, Kalliovalkama J, et al. Mechanism of the prorelaxing effect of thyroxine on the sphincter of Oddi. Scand J Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2002 Jun;37(6):667–73. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00365520212492

[19] Abu-Hassan DW, Alhouri AN, Altork NA, Shkoukani ZW, Altamimi TS, Alqaisi OM, et al. MTHFR gene polymorphisms in hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism among Jordanian females. Arch Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2019 May;63(3):280–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.20945/2359-3997000000133

†These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.

Seeking Health’s Gallbladder Support Supplements^†

Seeking Health offers a range of gallbladder support supplements that support healthy bile formation and gallbladder function, formulated by epigenetics expert Dr. Ben Lynch, ND.^†

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4.7

Rated 4.7 out of 5 stars

149 Reviews

Bile Nutrients

Key Benefits and Actions† Supports healthy bowel movements Supports healthy bile production and bile flow Useful for those with or without a gallbladder Who Needs Bile Nutrients Bile is essential to overall health, yet it is often overlooked and ignored. Whether you have your gallbladder removed or not, Bile Nutrients is designed to support healthy bile production and flow.† Many issues occur if one does not have healthy bile production and flow. Bile Nutrients may be right for you if any of the following resonate with you:† I experience occasional bloating, gas, and heaviness after meals, especially those high in fat, and want to support digestive comfort. I have discomfort in my right side just under my ribs and often experience really bad breath despite good oral hygiene. My bowel movements are irregular; my stool is hard to pass, floats, or is light gray/tan. I aim for daily, well-formed, dark brown stools that sink. I struggle with sleep and irritability and would like to feel calm and restful throughout the night. Carbs or high FODMAP foods affect my digestion, causing significant gas or bloating. Doctors suggest this may be SIBO, and I seek a balanced bacterial environment in my small intestine. Various skin issues and blemishes concern me, and I hear supporting a healthy digestive system is crucial for clear skin. My gallbladder was removed, and I'm still having digestive problems. I want to eat better and improve my bowel health. After pregnancy, I've been struggling with digestion, sleep, bowel movements, and mood, and I want to support a healthy state in all these areas. Do you experience occasional bloating, heaviness, or pain in your upper right side after high-fat meals? These side effects can indicate low bile production or sluggish gallbladder function. Even with gallbladder removal, you may benefit from nutrients that support healthy bile production.† Bile Nutrients is a powerful herbal formula that supports your liver’s bile production. It also promotes healthy bile flow from your gallbladder into the small intestine. In those with their gallbladder removed, it supports bile flow from your liver into the bile duct.† Bile helps to break down fats from food in the small intestine. Do you eat fried foods, foods cooked in oil, or foods with a high concentration of fats (like salmon or pork chops)? These high-fat foods can cause your gallbladder to work overtime in an effort to produce enough bile. Due to its ability to regulate which microbes can survive in the upper intestinal tract, bile also supports the healthy balance of microbes in your small intestines. There are two primary concerns with bile. First, are you producing enough bile using nutrients like choline, taurine, and glycine? Second, does your gallbladder contract and empty itself when it needs to?† When bile production is reduced, it can lead to an overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria (SIBO) and an inability to digest fats fully. Likewise, if your bile function is slowed, it can impact fat digestion and bacterial balance. Bile Nutrients provides the nutrient building blocks you need for normal bile production. It includes herbs that support healthy liver bile production and bile flow from your gallbladder.† Are you ready to feel great after enjoying high-fat meals? Support your intestinal and gallbladder health with Bile Nutrients !† Key Ingredients Inside the Uncompromising Quality of Our Ingredients View Supplements Label Choline (as choline bitartrate) Supports phosphatidylcholine production (Bile is made up of mostly phosphatidylcholine!).† Glycine & Taurine Provide the building blocks of bile salts† Betaine HCL Supports stomach acid levels, which in turn supports optimal digestion† Burdock, Bupleurum, and Dandelion Support bile secretion and flow† Caffeoylquinic Acid (from Artichoke Extract) Supports liver function and bile secretion† Albion® is a registered trademark of Balchem Corporation or its subsidiaries. Ginfort® is a trademark of Olene Life Sciences Private Limited. Dolcas Biotech, LLC is the exclusive licensee of GinFort™. Curcugen® is a registered trademark of Dolcas Biotech, LLC. Suggested Use For the first 3 days, take 2 capsules before dinner. Then, take 4 capsules before dinner. Use as directed by a healthcare professional. Note: This supplement should be used consistently for best outcomes. Stools should be healthy, sink and well-formed. If stools were initially too hard and became too loose, consider reducing the serving size or frequency of use. If stools are too loose and remain loose, consider continuing the full serving size. Adding the Gut Nutrients and ProBiota HistaminX may be supportive.† Warnings Consult with a healthcare professional prior to using. Do not use it if the inner tamper seal is damaged. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl-free, breastfeeding, vegetarians, vegans, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Capsules How to Store Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach by children. Dr. Lynch’s Guidance: Use Bile Nutrients at least a few days a week, even if you are experiencing healthy bowel movements. It’s easy for your liver to become overwhelmed, reducing healthy bile production and flow. Taking 2 capsules before dinner is the best time to use it. If your meal contains a significant amount of fat, or you are following a ketogenic lifestyle, consider adding Ox Bile to your meals. Ox Bile supports healthy fat digestion and healthy fat absorption.† If you are pregnant, you cannot use Bile Nutrients but you can use Optimal PC. Take 1 capsule of Optimal PC with dinner each evening to support a healthy gallbladder, bile production, and flow.† Gallbladder removed? Bile Nutrients is even more important for you. Here’s why: Your gallbladder was removed because your bile production was likely too sluggish, and your bile flow was even more sluggish. This led to cholesterol-based gallstones, pain, and, eventually, you had to get your gallbladder removed. It is recommended you take 2 capsules of Bile Nutrients before your dinner nearly every night of the week. This will help support healthy bile production, which has undoubtedly been an issue since before your gallbladder was removed.† While the removal of your gallbladder removed the pain and discomfort you had, it did absolutely nothing to improve the production of bile and the flow of your bile. It is absolutely recommended you take 2 capsules of Bile Nutrients before your dinner nearly every night of the week. This will help support healthy production of bile which, undoubtedly, has been an issue since before your gallbladder was removed.† Results are typically noticed quickly. Some people notice a worsening of constipation at first when starting Bile Nutrients. If this happens, simply drink more water and increase the amount of Bile Nutrients you are taking. If you are just taking 2 capsules before dinner, then take 2 before lunch. If you already are taking 2 and 2, consider switching to 4 capsules all at once before dinner. As you are working to support healthy bile production and flow, it’s a good idea to reduce your intake of fat, nuts, seeds, oils, carbs, and sugars. This way, your liver can rest while Bile Nutrients works to support adequate levels of bile production.†

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Gallbladder & Bile Bundle

What's Included: Bile Nutrients, Liver Nutrients, Optimal Electrolyte, Ox Bile and a FREE copy of Dirty Genes Together, our gallbladder and bile supplements work to support healthy:† Bile production and flow Liver cell function Dietary fat digestion Hydration levels Why These Products Work Revitalize your digestion with our Gallbladder and Bile Health Bundle! Designed to support balanced gallbladder function and bile flow, it helps you enjoy meals without worry and feel energized all day. If you've been struggling with bloating, low energy, or discomfort after eating fatty foods, this bundle supports healthy bile production from multiple angles.† Formulated by Dr. Lynch, this bundle offers both simplicity and savings. Plus, as a special bonus, you'll receive Dr. Lynch's best-selling book, "Dirty Genes," to inspire your wellness journey. Try our Gallbladder and Bile Health Bundle today and give your digestion the support it deserves! By bundling, you’ll get scientifically proven nutrients to support your energy and overall health. What’s more, you’ll also save money! You’ll save 20% off retail by bundling and receive a free copy of Dr. Ben Lynch’s best-selling book, Dirty Genes, to help you figure out the best ways to support your energy and mental outlook to keep going when things move fast! Struggling with constipation, SIBO, or weight gain? If any of these sound familiar, your gallbladder may be trying to tell you it needs a little help! Check out this FREE guide to learn more. Bile Nutrients A synergistic blend that contains taurine and glycine for bile acid conjugation, as well as herbs that support healthy liver function, gallbladder stimulation, bile production, and digestion. In those with their gallbladder removed, it supports bile flow from your liver into the bile duct.†Suggested Use : For the first 3 days, take 2 capsules before dinner. Then, take 4 capsules in divided serving sizes before lunch and before dinner. Bile Nutrients is vegan-friendly. Liver Nutrients Bile acids are made in the liver. Healthy gallbladder function needs healthy liver function. Liver Nutrients is an all-in-one liver support dietary supplement. This synergistic blend of nutrients and herbs supports the healthy metabolism of toxins and hormones in the liver. This formula also promotes normal glutathione production and liver cell regeneration.†Suggested Use: As needed, take 1 capsule before or after dinner. Use as directed by your healthcare professional. Optimal Electrolyte It takes only a 1% loss of water to create symptoms of dehydration. The special Hydration Blend in Optimal Electrolyte supports adequate hydration for heart and muscle health. Plus, it’s easy to take and tastes great. It also comes in single-serving sticks for when you’re on-the-go!†Suggested Use: As needed, add 1 scoop to a glass or water bottle. Fill with 8 oz of filtered water. For best results, sip, hold, then swallow. Do not chug. Ox Bile Our unique formula provides 125 mg of pure bile from free-range oxen (bovine). If you’ve had your gallbladder removed, have a very sluggish gallbladder or suffer from SIBO, this may be the perfect supplement for you. It will support your body’s balanced demand for bile when needed and support microbial balance in the small intestine.†Suggested Use: As needed, take 1 capsule with meals containing fatty foods. Alternatively, take 1 capsule on an empty stomach before bed to support healthy small intestine microbiome levels. Use as directed by your healthcare practitioner.†

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4.9

Rated 4.9 out of 5 stars

363 Reviews

Liver Nutrients

Key Benefits and Actions† Phase 2 liver detoxification support Glutathione production support Liver cell function support Who Needs Liver Nutrients There are toxins in everything you touch, eat, drink, and breathe. Pesticides, antibiotics, and synthetic hormones contaminate many conventional foods we eat. Plastics, fragrances, and other household chemicals often contain xenoestrogens. These endocrine disruptors can trigger an imbalance in your natural estrogen levels. Your liver is your first and most important line of defense against the many toxins you encounter daily. It provides you protection by producing liver enzymes that detoxify toxins in two distinct phases. During Phase 1 of detoxification, your liver enzymes prepare toxins to be eliminated. In Phase 2, your liver enzymes attach compounds to these toxins so they can be excreted in the bile, urine, or sweat. By supporting your liver, you help your body eliminate toxic substances. This is why focusing on your liver health every day is essential.† Your hormones are largely processed by your liver. Thus, promoting healthy and normal liver function may help with normal hormone balance.† Liver Nutrients is an all-in-one liver support dietary supplement. This synergistic blend of nutrients and herbs supports the healthy metabolism of toxins and hormones in the liver. This formula also promotes normal glutathione production and liver cell regeneration.† Popular liver cleanses can come with side effects and sometimes do more harm than good. This nourishing liver support formula contains targeted nutrients paired with well-researched herbal ingredients. Normal detoxification pathways use nutrients to rid the body of toxins. Liver Nutrients assists in supporting these pathways. Go about your day with confidence, knowing your liver has what it needs for natural protection and optimal wellness. Get ready to clean and purify your body from the inside out!† Key Ingredients In Liver Nutrients Milk Thistle (Silymarin): This herb supports normal liver protection; It also promotes the production of glutathione; Glutathione assists in the normal metabolism and excretion of toxic compounds.† Taurine: This amino acid supports Phase 2 liver detoxification; It also supports the liver's natural defense mechanisms and regular ammonia detoxification.† Alpha-Lipoic Acid: This nutrient has powerful antioxidant properties; It supports healthy glutathione levels, blood glucose levels, and fat metabolism (one of your liver’s main jobs is to break down fat).† N-Acetyl-L-Cysteine (NAC): NAC is a precursor to glutathione; Glutathione assists in the normal metabolism and elimination of toxic compounds.† Betaine Anhydrous (Trimethylglycine): This methylated compound facilitates the conversion of methionine to S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe); SAMe is an important compound for normal liver cell restoration and toxic compound metabolism.† Suggested Use As needed, take 1 capsule before or after dinner. Use as directed by your healthcare professional. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl sensitive, breastfeeding, vegetarian, vegan, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Capsules Age Suitability Adults, ages 4 and up How to Store Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach by children.

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4.6

Rated 4.6 out of 5 stars

1,609 Reviews

Optimal Electrolyte

Supports healthy muscle contraction and relaxation Supports healthy heart rhythm and contraction Hydration Blend with PeakATP ®, HydroPrime ®, Himalayan Pink Salt and Taurine It takes only a 1% water loss to create dehydration symptoms. Just a 1% loss of hydration negatively affects attention, concentration, memory, and overall mental processing speed Assess each statement below. If you can relate to one or more, then Optimal Electrolyte may be the electrolyte supplement you need†: I have been drinking high-sodium electrolytes which are causing me to experience water retention and bloating. Histamine intolerance and mast cell activation are negatively affecting me. I hear that hydration supports a healthy histamine response and healthy histamine levels. No matter what electrolyte I try, I tend to cramp. I would like to find an electrolyte relaxation. I tend to wake up at night and pee. I would like to sleep throughout the night. I drink water and find that I need to go pee right away. I would like to drink water and not pee so frequently. I'm looking for a healthy, great-tasting electrolyte to add to our filtered water to encourage my family and me to drink more water. We don't like plain water and need flavor to stay hydrated. I often get headaches from dehydration, so a tasty, healthy electrolyte is essential. I frequently consume caffeinated beverages, soda, flavored water, juice, or alcohol, but I want to replace these with a low-calorie, healthy, effective, and great-tasting electrolyte option that helps with hydration and has fewer carbs and sugar than coconut water. I would like to experience a consistent, rhythmic heartbeat. I often get headaches, especially if I don’t hydrate. I would like to support healthy hydration so my head feels healthy. I’m taking diuretics, albuterol, laxatives, or insulin. My doctor says I need to support healthy hydration and support healthy potassium levels. I’m overweight. I recently heard that a higher proportion of body fat to muscle mass leads to lower total body water content. My legs tend to spasm and move involuntarily at night. I would like to support healthy sleep and muscle function. I travel a lot by plane and experience fatigue after flying. Airplanes tend to dehydrate me due to the very low humidity in the cabin. I need to support healthy hydration while flying. I’m pregnant and will be breastfeeding. I need to support healthy hydration for me, and my baby. I live in a windy, dry, or sunny environment, and I know my skin is losing a lot of water. I’m looking for a stevia-free, sugar-free, and citric acid-free electrolyte. If a number of those resonated with you, then Optimal Electrolyte is something that you should seriously consider.† If none of the statements above relate to your current life situation, then Optimal Electrolyte is most likely not something you need right now. Key Ingredients Inside the Uncompromising Quality of Our Ingredients Sodium as real Himalayan Pink Salt The ocean is full of microplastics, making sea salt high risk. We opted to use this great-tasting and pure salt from ancient caves instead. The certificate of analysis confirms that this is a high-quality salt that contains trace minerals.† PEAK ATP® A trademarked form of ATP, your body's primary energy source. It supports blood flow, strength, power and performance during exercise, as well as recovery from fatigue.† Niacin Vitamin B3 is a building block for NAD+, which are essential in the Krebs cycle for energy production. It also supports circulation, MTRR enzyme function, healthy lipid levels and joint lubrication.† Magnesium (as Di-Magnesium Malate)(Albion®) An essential mineral that supports over 400 enzymes in the body. Magnesium promotes a positive mood, healthy muscle and nerve function, and hormone balance. It is also a Cofactor for the COMT enzyme supporting dopamine, epinephrine, and norepinephrine metabolism.† Taurine An amino acid that supports hydration, muscle strength, endurance and Phase 2 liver detoxification.† Potassium 99% of people are deficient in potassium which is why we have so much more potassium than sodium. We use potassium bicarbonate to support healthy overall alkaline pH as exercise increases acidity. † Creatine supports healthy hydration of muscles. The combination of creatine + PeakATP® also supports healthy sport performance. †† Trademarks: Albion® is a registered trademark of Balchem Corporation or its subsidiaries. PEAK ATP® is a registered trademark of TSI Group Co. Ltd. Suggested Use As needed, add 1 scoop to 8 oz of filtered water away from food. Adjust flavor to your liking with more or less water. For best results: sip, hold, then swallow. Avoid chugging. Do not take within 3 hours of bedtime. Use as directed by your healthcare professional. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl sensitive, pregnancy, breastfeeding, vegetarian, vegan, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Powder Age Suitability Adults, ages 4 and Up How to Store Keep tightly closed in a cool, dry place. For freshness, use within 60 days of opening. Dr. Lynch’s Tips Proper hydration is second to breathing in terms of its importance in sustaining a healthy life. The rules of 3 determine how important it is to use Optimal Electrolyte on a daily basis. One cannot sustain life when: 3 minutes without air. 3 days without water. 3 weeks without food. Depending on what I do in a day, my usage of Optimal Electrolyte varies Every morning, I don’t eat breakfast right away, Instead, I properly hydrate by sipping a glass of Optimal Electrolyte over about 30 minutes. I drink it while in the office. If I sauna, I sip a serving during the session. If I go to the gym, work in the yard, hike, or otherwise exercise, I will frequently sip from my water bottle. If I feel that water later in the afternoon is not cutting it, I will have another serving. Typically, the trigger for me to go prepare some electrolytes is when my head feels fuzzy, and cognition is slower than desired. If you find yourself sweating a lot, you may want to add a pinch of salt to your electrolytes. I do this if I have a heavy sweating sauna or exercise session. Typically, you do not need to add more salt to your electrolytes and shouldn't. You usually get more than sufficient sodium in your diet. Be sure to sip and hold, then swallow. Do not chug your electrolytes. Absorption is so much better by following these suggestions. Kids do not stop to drink water. They’re too busy and distracted. As a father, I always prepare a glass of Optimal Electrolyte for my boys and walk it over to them. Ideally, prepare their water bottle for school and sports with a serving of Optimal Electrolyte. If you prepared a water bottle full of Optimal Electrolyte and haven’t finished it, put it in the fridge. It will be good for a couple of days. I do this when I feel I don’t want to finish it. Some quick tips: Don’t like the Fizz? Stir and let it sit for a bit longer before you drink. The carbon dioxide reaction will burn itself out within a minute or two, at most. Too sweet? Simply add more filtered water. Not flavorful enough? Simply add less filtered water. Do you get a headache from drinking it? You’re drinking too much, too fast. Slow down and drink less of it. Perhaps you only need ½ a serving or simply drink it over a longer period of time. Drink upon waking in the morning, away from food. or only when exercising. Irritable when drinking? Drink ½ serving upon waking up in the morning or while working out. Drink away from food and drink over time - not quickly. Loose stools or gut discomfort? This is likely due to the creatine. Drink upon waking up in the morning, sip over time or drink it prior to exercise as exercise increases stomach acid. Drink between meals not with food.

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4.8

Rated 4.8 out of 5 stars

253 Reviews

Ox Bile

Key Benefits and Actions† Digestion support for dietary fat Support for healthy balance of small intestinal bacteria Great for those with gallbladder removed! Who Needs Ox Bile Do you feel sluggish after eating high-fat meals? Do you experience floating stools that are looser, urgent, or foul-smelling? Have you had your gallbladder removed? Are your gut bacteria imbalanced?A normal functioning gallbladder releases bile to digest fat from meals. At the same time, it also assists in clearing out microbes from the upper intestinal tract.With a low-functioning or removed gallbladder, eating high-fat meals can cause many uncomfortable symptoms: Indigestion Nausea Bloating Heaviness in your right side Right shoulder pain And more Ox Bile provides 125 mg of pure bile from free-range oxen (bovine). It contains 40% cholic acid for efficient and targeted fat digestion support.†Consuming Ox Bile with high-fat meals may lessen your body’s demand for bile. This can lead to lower stress on your liver and gallbladder while supporting the breakdown of dietary fat. Proper fat breakdown is critical for the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and essential fatty acids from foods.†This ox bile supplement can also be taken away from food to target a healthy balance of microbes in your upper intestinal tract. † An overgrowth of small intestinal bacteria (SIBO) can result in digestive issues like indigestion of nutrients, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and diarrhea.The pure bile found in Seeking Health’s ox bile supplements is ethically sourced from free-range oxen that are free from synthetic hormones and antibiotics. Get ready to comfortably and confidently enjoy high-fat meals again!† Key Ingredients In Ox Bile Bile (from oxen): Provides bile acids to support the normal break down dietary fats and to support small intestinal bacteria balance† Suggested Use As needed, take 1 capsule with meals containing fatty foods. Alternatively, take 1 capsule on an empty stomach before bed to support healthy small intestine microbiome levels.† Use as directed by your healthcare practitioner. Warnings Do not use if inner tamper seal is damaged. Note: Ox Bile is from bovine source, free-range oxen, with no usage of synthetic hormones or antibiotics. Capsules are made of vegetarian cellulose. This product is not considered vegetarian. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl sensitive, breastfeeding, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Capsules Age Suitability Adults, ages 4 and up How to Store Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach by children.

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4.8

Rated 4.8 out of 5 stars

177 Reviews

Digestive Enzymes

Key Benefits and Actions† Supports nutrient digestion and absorption Supports normal digestion of protein, fats, carbs, lactose, legumes, seeds, nuts, and gliadin from gluten Broad-spectrum, high activity, enzyme blend free of common allergens Who Needs Digestion Enzymes Food requires specific pancreatic enzymes to be properly broken down and absorbed. Some people have enzyme deficiency due to genetics, health conditions, digestive disorders, or poor diet. Digestive Enzymes is an effective, vegan-sourced digestive enzyme complex. This natural digestion supplement supports proper food breakdown and digestive system health.† Assess each statement below. If you relate to one or more, then Digestive Enzymes may be the digestion support you’re looking for†: I often experience bloating, gas, burping, indigestion, or other discomfort after meals and want to feel good after eating. My nutrient absorption isn't good due to low stomach acid, poor gallbladder or pancreas function, inflamed intestines, or an unhappy microbiome. I have food sensitivities and need a vegetarian-based enzyme blend free of common allergens like dairy, egg, and gluten. I want to support healthy and regular bowel movements. My bowel movements vary between loose and hard stools. I tend to eat quickly without chewing my food well and drink a lot during meals. I overeat and consume heavy, greasy, or spicy foods. I have a digestive enzyme insufficiency and would like to support my overall digestive health. Digestive Enzymes is also available in a tasty chewable form if you prefer a chewable tablet† Key Ingredients Inside the Uncompromising Quality of Our Ingredients α-galactosidase Breaks down complex carbohydrates from beans and other legumes† Alpha Amylases Breaks down complex carbohydrates like starches.† Beta-Glucanase Breaks down beta-glucans from grains like barley and oats, aiding in their digestion.† Cellulase Supports the digestion of cellulose found in f plant foods like fruits, vegetables, and nuts.† Lipase Supports fat absorption to reduce fish oil burps.† Galactomannase Breaks down galactomannans found in beans and seeds† Glucoamylase Converts complex sugars like maltose into glucose to support healthy blood sugar levels.† HemiSEB® A complex blend of hemicellulases to support the digestion of complex carbohydrates.† Invertase Converts sucrose, a sugar naturally produced by plants, into glucose and fructose.† Lactase The enzyme that breaks down lactose, the sugar found in milk and dairy products, to support individuals with lactose intolerance.† Proteases (High DPP) Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. This is a Protease/Peptidase Complex with endopeptidase, exopeptidase and DPP-IV activity† Phytase (High DPP) Breaks down phytic acid, from seeds, supporting the absorption of minerals like iron and zinc.† Acid Proteases Enzymes that function in acidic environments, such as your stomach, aiding in protein digestion.† Alkaline Proteases Enzymes that function in alkaline environments, also aiding in protein digestion.† Pullulanase Breaks down pullulan, a type of polysaccharide found in starch.† Fungal Maltase Breaks down maltose into the simple sugar glucose.† Peptizyme®SP A protease enzyme that specifically targets peptides, aiding in protein digestion.† Peptizyme SP® and HemiSEB® are trademarks of Specialty Enzymes, Chino, CA Suggested Use Take 1 to 2 capsules just before eating a meal. Use as directed by a healthcare professional. Warnings Consult with your healthcare professional prior to use. Do not use if inner tamper seal is damaged. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl sensitive, pregnancy, breastfeeding, vegetarian, vegan, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Capsules Age Suitability Adults How to Store Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach by children. Guidance from Dr. Lynch Working, reading, driving, or watching TV while you eat can reduce your digestive power by 40% or more. 40% of digestion starts with the cephalic phase. This digestion phase consists of smelling, preparing, seeing, and thinking about food. You know your cephalic phase works when you are salivating and your mouth is wet. If your mouth is dry before eating, you’re likely stressed or not focused on eating. You’re focused on something else. Shift your focus to eating. Before you take your first bite, take a moment to see, smell, and think about your food. While you are eating, continue seeing, smelling, and tasting your meal. Hopefully, it’s a great one :)

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5.0

Rated 5.0 out of 5 stars

751 Reviews

Vitamin D3 + K2

Key Benefits and Actions† Supports a healthy immune system Supports healthy teeth and bones High potency. 5,000 IU of D3 and 100 mcg of K2 as MK7 The combination of these two ingredients are essential for health. Ensuring you have sufficient levels is incredibly important.† Assess each statement below. If you relate to one or more, then Vitamin D3 + K2 may be the vitamin D supplement you need†: I have darker skin. I’m overweight. I am 50+ years old. My job is indoors. I have to avoid sun exposure. I’m looking for a high-potency vitamin D3 supplement that uses vitamin K2 as a long-acting MK7. My teeth are causing me problems. I’d like to support healthy teeth. My child is experiencing a growth spurt. I want to support their teeth and bone development in a proactive, healthy way. I live in areas of low sunshine. I know I need additional vitamin D3 with K2. My blood sugar levels are high. I want to support healthy blood sugar levels. I struggle with recurrent colds, styes, cold sores and get sick often. I want to support a healthy immune system. My bones ache and are weaker. I want to support healthy, strong bones. Lab testing shows that my vitamin D3 levels are low. I want to supplement with vitamin K2 to safely support healthy D3 levels. If a number of those resonated with you, then Vitamin D3 + K2 is something that you should seriously consider.† Key Ingredients Inside the Uncompromising Quality of Our Ingredients Vitamin D3 At 5,000 IU per small capsule, vitamin D3 in this amount supports a healthy immune system, mood, calcium absorption and metabolism, and cardiovascular system.† Vitamin K2 When vitamin K2 is in the form of MK7, it acts longer in the body. The MK-7 form of K2 lasts in your body for 72 hours compared to the 1-2 hours of MK-4. Vitamin K2 helps direct calcium out of the blood vessels and into bones.† Suggested Use As needed, take 1 capsule with food any time of day or night or as directed by your healthcare professional Warnings Do not use if inner tamper seal is damaged. Suitable for Bariatric, methyl sensitive, pregnancy, breastfeeding, vegetarian, ages 4 and up Delivery Method Capsules How to Store Keep closed in a cool, dry place out of reach by children. Generally speaking, Vitamin D3 + K2 is a supplement that you can use daily.I prefer taking Vitamin D3 + K2 every night after dinner. I usually take it along with my other foundational supplements: Optimal Fish Oil and ProBiota HistaminX.Pregnant or breastfeeding? Optimal Prenatal and Prenatal Essentials already provide you 4,000 IU of D3 and 100 mcg of K2 as MK7 with each serving. You should not need to supplement with Vitamin D3 + K2 unless your healthcare professional advised you to do so.The safe daily upper limit intake of vitamin D3 for: 4-8 years old is 3,000 IU 9 years and above is 4,000 IU You may use Vitamin D3 + K2 for kids 4 years old and up. You would not give it to them daily. Instead, you would give it to them every other day. This way, they stay within the safe upper limit range.If they cannot swallow a capsule, you may open the capsule and empty the contents on a bite of food.It’s recommended to test your vitamin D3 levels periodically with your doctor. You don’t want them too high or too low. If too high, it can contribute to high blood calcium levels. Ask your doctor to test blood calcium levels if you discover that your D3 levels are in the high range.There is a lot of confusion about what the ideal vitamin D3 range is. Talk with your doctor about this.I personally like to see my vitamin D3 levels between 30-50 ng/mL. I know some health professionals like to see vitamin D3 levels quite high for some conditions such as autoimmune disease. Follow your health professional’s recommendation.Magnesium does support vitamin D3 metabolism. We don’t provide magnesium in any of our vitamin D3 supplements because it’s bulky. That would mean a larger capsule or multiple capsules per serving.Where can you get extra magnesium? You can get 150 mg of magnesium from either Optimal Electrolyte or Optimal Magnesium. I drink Optimal Electrolyte every day so I don’t need to use Optimal Magnesium.

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